[注釋] “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長達(dá)/多達(dá)…”的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費(fèi)高達(dá)50萬元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長達(dá)兩周。)

　　⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段時間+later/ago”分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于過去時態(tài)。②“after/before+某個時刻”分別表示“在某時刻之后/之前”,此時兩個詞是介詞。③ago與before：ago只能用于過去時,before用于完成時。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數(shù)年后這個男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你從前到過那兒嗎？)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(過了幾年他戒了煙。)

　　⑶ above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高掛在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飛機(jī)從頭頂飛過。)

　　當(dāng)above、below、over、under是介詞性質(zhì)時,意義相似。

　　⑷ too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開；nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺那個市場很好。)

　　⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或副詞之后；too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相當(dāng)”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞或副詞之前,very much(“非常”)放在動詞之后。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那么貴/非常貴/相當(dāng)貴。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)

　　[注意] very與 much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級；much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動詞,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學(xué)習(xí)更努力,不然你考不進(jìn)那所好學(xué)校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)

　　⑹ sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用于將來時、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會在這兒呆些時候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時候要見見你的父親。)

　　⑺ how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進(jìn)行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!((問題)真難呀！)

　　⑻ already、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。)

　　⑼ hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語學(xué)得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人隨地吐痰)

　　⑽ like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三個短語分別表示“非常喜歡”、“更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.

　　⑾“quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞”的用法：記住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容詞+名詞;②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞;③rather+a+形容詞+名詞 = a+ rather+形容詞+名詞。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我從未見過這樣奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子)

　　⑿ how 的幾個短語：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時態(tài),對表示頻度的詞語進(jìn)行提問； how soon“多久以后”,用于將來時態(tài)； how long“多久”,用于過去時、完成時或其他時態(tài)； how many times“多少次”,用于過去時或完成時,對總計(jì)次數(shù)進(jìn)行提問； how much“多么,多少”,對程度進(jìn)行提問,也可以對數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進(jìn)行提問。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？)

　　⒀ much、more與most的用法：這三個詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語之外,還是程度副詞,much表示“很”,修飾原級形/副,more表示“更”用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的比較級,most表示“最”用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的最高級。此外,much也可以修飾比較級形/副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(這個公園比那個漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有教育意義的電影)

　　⒁ no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法：表示時間,可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer只能放在謂語動詞之前；表示程度,可以用no more、not...any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里) / Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn’ t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽煙)

　　⒂ 被動語態(tài)中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語動詞之間。如： The runner was badly hurt.(賽跑運(yùn)動員受了重傷) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語說得很廣泛)

　　⒃ too...to...與so...that...的問題：副詞too/so后面跟形容詞或副詞,to后面跟動詞,that后面跟從句。Too...to... (“太.……以致不……”)是否定的結(jié)構(gòu),用于簡單句；so...that...(“如此…以致…”)是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),用于復(fù)合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這么強(qiáng)壯,搬得動那個重箱子。)

　　⒄ 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是個長假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會找到辦法)/ He is a very hard(難對付的) person.(他是個難玩的家伙)

　　⒅ farther與further的用法區(qū)別：表示地點(diǎn)、方向或距離時兩個詞同義,意思為“更遠(yuǎn)、較遠(yuǎn)”,但是further還表示“更多、進(jìn)一步、額外”等意思,此時不能換為farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他們決定第二天走得再遠(yuǎn)些)/ This problem will be further discussed.(這個問題還要進(jìn)一步討論)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他們每個人大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)進(jìn)修)

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