過去完成時(shí)的用法

1) 概念：表示過去的過去

----|-------|-----|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。

那時(shí)以前　那時(shí)　現(xiàn)在

2) 用法

a.　在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。

She said (that) she had ever been to Paris.

她說她曾去過巴黎

b. 狀語從句

在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。

When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.

當(dāng)警察趕到時(shí)，小偷已經(jīng)跑了

c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.

那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有

3)　過去 完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

他說他以前學(xué)過一些英語

By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.

在他十二歲的時(shí)候，愛迪生就開始自己謀生了

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

湯姆失望了，大多數(shù)客人都當(dāng)他到達(dá)晚會離開

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written,left　B，were writing,has left　C. had written,had left　D. were writing,had left

答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此

前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

注意：　had no … when　還沒等…… 就……

had no sooner… than　剛…… 就……

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

一般過去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)

1)　兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過去時(shí)。

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.

當(dāng)她看到老鼠，她尖叫

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

我的阿姨給了我一頂帽子，我把它弄丟了

2 ) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過去完成時(shí)。

When I heard the news,I was very excited.

當(dāng)我聽到這個(gè)消息，我很興奮

3)　敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過去時(shí)。

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

我們的老師告訴我們，哥倫布1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美國

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