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來源：網絡資源 2023-07-08 19:09:08
一、英語中的定語從句與漢語中的定語位置不同。
在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。英語中的定語從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后，而漢語中的定語則放在被修飾詞之前。
如：The man(先行詞) who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday(定語從句) is my English teacher.
昨天我在校門口看見的那個人是我的英語老師。
二、英語從句中的句型結構比較復雜，有先行詞、關系代詞或關系副詞。
被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的關聯詞有關系代詞或關系副詞。
關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，關系代詞或關系副詞在定語從句中要充當一個成分。關系代詞在句中可作主語、賓語或定語，關系副詞在句中作狀語。
如：I am waiting for the boy (先行詞) who /that (關系代詞)is wearing a red coat. (主語)
我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個男孩。
The dictionary(先行詞)that / which(關系代詞) my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(賓語)
我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。
That isthe house(先行詞)where(關系副詞) my father used to live.(狀語)
那是我父親曾經居住過的房子。
三、初中英語中定語從句關系代詞的具體用法。
1. who指人(也可用that)，在定語從句中作主語，也可作賓語。
如：Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. (主語)
昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>
注意：關系代詞who指人,作賓語時，可用whom代替;作賓語時，關系代詞可省略。作其它成分，關系代詞則不能省略。
2. whose指人，也可指物。在定語從句中作定語。
The boywhosemother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
他母親生病的那個男孩今天呆在家里照顧她。
I have a story bookwhosecover is red.
我有一本封面是紅色的故事書。
3. which指物(也可用that)，在定語從句中作主語，也可作賓語。
如：Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主語)
足球是被大多數男孩喜歡的運動。
I don’t believe the newswhich / thatTom won the game. (賓語)
我不相信湯姆贏得這場比賽的消息。
四、關系代詞whom, which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞與定語從句之間。
That is the placein whichI lived for five years.
=That is the placewhich / thatI lived in for five years.
那就是我住過五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the manfor whomI am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the manwho / whom / thatI am looking for.
張先生就是我正在找的那個人。
五、具體使用關系代詞或關系副詞需要注意的問題。
1.只用that，不用which的情況。
(1)前有序數詞修飾時。如：
This is the tenth giftthatI received for my birthday.
這是我收到的第十個生日禮物。
(2)前有形容詞最高級修飾時。如：
That is the most exciting gamethatI have ever watched.
那是我曾經看過最令人興奮的比賽。
(3)先行詞是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時。如：
All that he told me is true. 他告訴我的一切是真實的。
(4)先行詞被the only修飾時。如：
The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的東西就是一支鋼筆。
(5)先行詞既指人，又指物時。如：
We talked about the people and the thingsthatwe were interested in.
我們談論了我們感興趣的人和事。
2. 只用which，不用that的情況。
(1)定語從句是物時，定語從句由“介詞+關系代詞which”引導。如：
The thingabout whichthe teacher is talking is very important.
老師正在談論的那件事非常重要。
(2)先行詞本身是that, those時，如：
What’s thatwhichis flying in the sky?
在天空中飛的那是什么?
定語從句單選題練習
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
3.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
4.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
5.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
6.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_____weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
7.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof____satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
8.Itthereanyoneinyourclass____familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
9.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
10.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
11.Icanneverforgettheday_____weworkedtogetherandtheday____wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
12.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
13.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
14.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
Answers:
1 A 2 D 3C 4 A5 C
6 A 7 C 8D 9 D10 A
11 A 12 A13 D 14 C
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