定語(yǔ)從句作為初中英語(yǔ)的難點(diǎn)，在語(yǔ)篇閱讀中對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查必不可少。因此掌握定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)單用法是非常有必要的。

在做此類試題時(shí)，首先確定先行詞是指物還是指人，指人就從that, who, whose, whom中選擇;指物就從that, which中選擇。然后再根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分來(lái)確定到底應(yīng)該用哪一個(gè)關(guān)系詞。

1定語(yǔ)從句概述在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whose,whom和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。

2關(guān)系代詞的用法一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);which指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);who在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ);whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。

A doctor isa person who looks after a patient. 先行詞 主語(yǔ)　 謂語(yǔ)　　賓語(yǔ)句意:醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。

關(guān)系代詞的省略

一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí),不能省略。

I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂(lè)部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能省略。Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)?

3關(guān)系副詞的用法This isthe factory where my father works. 先行詞 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 句意:這就是我爸爸工作的那個(gè)工廠。1.when表示時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。2.why表示原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其先行詞是表示原因的reason一詞。We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到。3.where表示地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。

4定語(yǔ)從句解題技巧Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program從句：which is popular among the young people先行詞：TV program關(guān)系代詞：which因此,如果確定是考查定語(yǔ)從句,我們就可以排除不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選項(xiàng)，如：what。在此過(guò)程中要掌握“三看”原則。(1)一看指人還是物 先行詞指人：that,who, whose, whom 先行詞指物：that, which, whose(2)二看句中作何用主語(yǔ) who(人), which(物), that(人/物)賓語(yǔ) who/whom(人), which(物), that(人/物)定語(yǔ) whose(人/物)狀語(yǔ) where(地點(diǎn)), when(時(shí)間), why(原因)如：My brother likes the stories ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous. 先行詞(the stories)指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系代詞which/that。如：He is the boy ______ I talked with just now. 先行詞(the boy)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系代詞whom/who/that/不填。如：What‘s the name of the girl ______ father is a doctor?先行詞(the girl)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系代詞whose。如：I still remember the day ________ our new school was built. 從句中不缺成分,先行詞(the day)指時(shí)間,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系副詞when。(3)看是否是特殊情況：

關(guān)系詞只能用

①當(dāng)先行詞是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。如： Tom told his mother all that had happened. 湯姆把全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。 ②當(dāng)先行詞前面有the only, the very, the last等修飾時(shí)。如： This is the only book that I can find. 這就是我能找到的唯一一本書(shū)。 ③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。如： The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 為我們足球隊(duì)踢足球的那個(gè)最高的運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)自上海。 ④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如： Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 讓我們談?wù)撐覀兡軌蛴浧鸬娜撕褪隆?⑤當(dāng)主句是以特殊疑問(wèn)詞which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。 Which is the hotel that you like best?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅館?

關(guān)系詞只能用

①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后。如： This is the factory in which we once worked. 這就是我們?cè)��?jīng)工作過(guò)的工廠。 ②非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。如： This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 這是魯迅寫(xiě)的一本有名的書(shū)。 ③that， those作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如： Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英語(yǔ)書(shū)。

用

①當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時(shí)，只能用who。如： Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請(qǐng)來(lái)這邊。 ②當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時(shí)，只能用who。如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對(duì)我們的人就是我們的敵人。 ③先行詞指人，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般多用who。如： The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來(lái)這兒的那個(gè)人說(shuō)過(guò)幾天他會(huì)再來(lái)。

練一練：

1.—What shall we do next?—Take the advice________ is given by Dr. Bloch.A. whoB. whichC. whose【答案】B【解析】先行詞advice，指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which.

2.Mr. Smith _______ is smoking is looking for______he lost yesterday.A. whom; which B. who; whatC. that; who D. which; where【答案】B【解析】先行詞Mr. Smith指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who; 在尋找他昨天丟失的物體，從選項(xiàng)來(lái)看，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用what.

3.Steve Jobs is one of the personsfounded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (時(shí)代).A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /【答案】A【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看先行詞Steve Jobs，指人，且作主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who.

4.---Do you know the girl ______ is talking to the headmaster over there? ---Of course. She is my sister.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. what【答案】A【解析】選A。考查考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是the girl，指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

5.Foshanis acity has averylonghistory.AwhoseB. whichC. who【答案】B【解析】先行詞是Foshan，是地方，引導(dǎo)詞用which.

【答案】

6.The Palace Museum is the best place ______ I’ve ever visited.A. whoB. whenC. that【解析】選C。考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是The Palace Museum，指物，且在定語(yǔ)從句中做visited的賓語(yǔ)，因此選C。

【答案】

7.--- Do you know the girl_____ is helping the old woman. -Oh, that's my sister,A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. where【解析】選C。考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是the girl，指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

8.—Do you know the lady ______is talking with Mr. Smith? —Yes, she’s our new chemistry teacher, Miss Brown.A. whoB. whichC. whom【答案】A【解析】選A。先行詞是the lady，指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

9.I was looking for the pen _____ I bought yesterday when you called me.A. whoB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】C【解析】選C。考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞是the pen名詞，用which代替。what不能作定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

10.Please pass me the cartoon book ______ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which【答案】D【解析】選D。考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞是the carton book,名詞，用which代替。

11.I like the friends _____ to do the same things as me so that we can communicate better with each other.A. who likesB. what likeC. who like【答案】 C【解析】選C。先行詞是the friends，指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞who, 由于friends是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。

12.There will be a flower show in the park____we visited last week.A. whoB. whenC. whatD. which【答案】D【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the park是“物，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莢isited的賓語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故選D.

13.Most studentslike the teachersunderstand them wellA. whoB. whenC. whatD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the teachers是“人”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故選A.

14.Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teachergave her love to her students in danger.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which【答案】B【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the most beautiful teacher是“人”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)先行詞受到形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，只能用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故選B.

15.The English-Chinese dictionarymy father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.A. whoseB. whenC. whoD. that【答案】D【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞dictionary是“物”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故選D.

16.“What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes ______ make me feel comfortable.”A. thatB. whatC. who【答案】A【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞clothes是物，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)句意：你覺(jué)得校服怎么樣呀?很好，我喜歡讓我穿著舒服的衣服。故選A.

17.—What are you looking for?—I'm looking for the ring ______my husband bought me last year.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. it【答案】A【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是“the ring”表示“物”，故定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選A。

18.Robert is just one young overseas Chinese ________ has come to visit his ancestor's homeland.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which【答案】A【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞“one young overseas Chinese”表示的是“一個(gè)年輕的海外華人”，所以定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或who，故選A.

19.— What are you looking for?— I'm looking for the pen________ my father gave me last week.A. whoB. whichC. whoseD. whom【答案】B【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是“the pen”表示“物”，故引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選B。

20.—What kind of movies do you like?—I like the move ______ are about Chinese history.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD which【答案】D【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是“the move”表示“物”，故引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選D。

【答案】

21.People often like clothes______can make them look young.A.whenB.whoC.that【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞clothes是“物”，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選C。

【答案】

22.I can never forget the stories________ my grandma told me.A. what B. who C. them D. thatD【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the stories是“物”，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D。

23.The little boy was wrapping the present _____ would be sent to his teacher.A. whoB. /C. whatD. that【答案】D【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the present是“物”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D。

24.—There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? —The one ______hat is yellow.A. whoB. whoseC. thatD. which【答案】B【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the one，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)hat的定語(yǔ)，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用whose引導(dǎo)，故選B.

25.This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which【答案】A【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞theprimary school, 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖堑攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),故選A.

26.It’s interesting that there are many peoplespeak French in Canada.A. whichB. whereC. who【答案】C【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞many people是“人”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用who或that引導(dǎo)，故選C.

27.Please pass me the cartoon book _________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which【答案】D【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the cartoon book是“物”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D.

【答案】

28.—I want to find a partner to practice roller skating. —My friend Fred is a personmay help you a lot.A. whichB. soC. whoD. and【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞a person是“人”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用who或that引導(dǎo)，故選C.

29.—Now many people smoke and get ill.—So we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.A. whatB. whoC. /D. that【答案】D【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞something是不定代詞，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，故選D

30.I still remember the time _____we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.A. whenB. whatC. whoD. which【答案】D【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the time是“物”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，所以，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D.

【答案】

31.One of the most delicious drinks _____ I like is orange juice.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. whom【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是drinks，受到形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，只能用that引導(dǎo)，故選B.

【答案】

32.Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".A. whomB. whatC. whoD. which【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞those表示的是“人”，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z(yǔ)，所以用引導(dǎo)詞who引導(dǎo)，故選C.

33.—Do you enjoyMy heart will go on?—No, I prefer songsloud.A. that isB. which isC. that areD. what are【答案】C

【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞songs表示的是“物”，所以用引導(dǎo)詞which或that引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)表示的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are, 故選C.

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