1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的

行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.

4.否定形式：had + not + done.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：had 放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

2) 用法

a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

b. 狀語(yǔ)從句

在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表

示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

3) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案 D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生

在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中 when 表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"

這一背景下，when 所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此

前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

注意： had no … when 還沒(méi)等…… 就……

had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

其他關(guān)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)

.1 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)

1)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用 then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

2 ) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

2 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)

When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless,

even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately

He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。

典型例題

(1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.

A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed

C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.

答案 B. 在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語(yǔ)從句中一般不用將來(lái)時(shí)。本題有 He said，故為過(guò)去式。

主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，故選 B. 此處用一般過(guò)去式代替了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

(2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來(lái)事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。

The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物館明天 10 點(diǎn)開(kāi)門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。)

3 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替過(guò)去時(shí)

1 )"書上說(shuō)"，"報(bào)紙上說(shuō)"等。

The newspaper says that it’s going to be cold tomorrow.

報(bào)紙上說(shuō)明天會(huì)很冷的。

2) 敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。

Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.

4 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)

1) 有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)：

hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.

I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.

I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.

2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"

3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.

5 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)

1) 句型：Here comes… ; There goes…

Look, here comes Mr. Li.

6 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)

1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。

Are you staying with us this weekend? 這周和我們一起度周末嗎?

We are leaving soon. 我們馬上就走。

2) 漸變動(dòng)詞，如：get, run, grow, become, begin 及 die。

He is dying.

7 時(shí)態(tài)一致

1) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實(shí)，則永遠(yuǎn)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.

He told me last week that he is eighteen.

2) 賓語(yǔ)從句中的助動(dòng)詞 ought, need, must, dare 時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。

He thought that I need not tell you the truth.

8 時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,

一般過(guò)去時(shí) yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now

一般將來(lái)時(shí) next…, tomorrow, in+時(shí)間,

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always,

recently

過(guò)去完成時(shí) before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last

evening… when, while

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days,

tomorrow evening

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)鞏固練習(xí) 50 題

( )1. There _______ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

( )2. --- Who sings best in your class? --- Jenny _______.

A. do B. did C. does D. has done

( )3. --- _____ the young girl _____ the old man clean his room every day? --- Yes, she does.

A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps

( )4. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? --- You can when you _______ a bit older.

A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got

( )5. --- What does Linda often do in the evening?

--- She often _______ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _______ TV.

A. does; watches B. is doing; watched C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching

( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.

A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves

( )7. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon.

A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied

( )8. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.

--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.

A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming

( )9. --- Do you like this silk dress? --- Yes, I do. It _______ so soft and comfortable.

A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt

( )10. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.

A. don’t; are B. didn’t; are C. didn’t; were D. don’t; were

( )11. Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.

A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write

( )12. --- Your telephone number again? I _______ quite catch it. --- It’s 2567321.

A. can’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. didn’t

( )13. --- How was your weekend on the farm? --- Great! We _______ with the farmers.

A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends

( )14. --- What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?

--- He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.

A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives

( )15. Jane _______ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.

A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy

( )16. --- Liu Mei can’t come tonight. --- Why? But she _______ me she would come.

A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told

( )17. He turned off the light and then _______.

A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left

( )18. --- Keep quiet, please. They _______ a meeting. --- Sorry.

A. have B. had C. are having D. have had

( )19. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. --- Really? Where _______ he _______?

A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go

( )20. Frank _______ to see his grandma if he _______ free tomorrow.

A. will come; will be B. comes; is C. will come; is D. comes; will be

( )21. There _______ a talk on science in our school next Monday.

A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is

( )22. --- Shall we go shopping now?

--- Sorry, I can’t. I _______ my shirts.

A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing

( )23. Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you. I _______ for an important phone call. Go without

me.

A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited

( )24. --- Did you see Tom at the party? --- No, he _______ by the time I got there.

A. had left B. was leaving C. left D. has left

( )25. --- Is this raincoat yours? --- No, mine _______ there behind the door.

A. has hung B. is hanging C. hung D. will hang

( )26. --- _______ you _______ TV at the moment? --- No, you can turn it off.

A. Did; watch B. Are; watching C. Do; watch D. Have; watched

( )27. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _______ a book at that moment.

A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read

( )28. Mr Smith _______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished

it.

A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing

( )29. --- I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

--- Oh, I am sorry. I _______ dinner at my friend’s home.

A. am having B. had C. was having D. have had

( )30. --- Do you know Miss Wang?

--- Yes. I first met her two years ago. She _______ at a radio shop at that time.

A. was working B. has worked C. is working D. had worked

( )31. Mr White _______ the newspaper, while his daughter _______TV.

A. read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. read;

watched

( )32. --- I _______ you at the meeting. Why? --- I was ill.

A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didn’t see

( )33. When the teacher came in, the students _______ about the new film.

A. are talking B. were talking C. talked D. talks

( )34. The 2004 Athens Olympic Games _______ on August 13.

A. has begun B. lasted C. began D. has lasted

( )35. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.

A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began

( )36. --- May I speak to Mr Smith? --- Sorry, he _______ Australia. But he _______ in two

days.

A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back

C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesn’t come back

( )37. I can’t go to see the film tonight, because I ______ my ticket.

A. have lost B. lost C. will lose D. was losing

( )38. --- What do you think of the film Harry Potter? --- It is very nice. I _______ it twice.

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see

( )39. We _______to learn English five years ago. We _______ it for five years up to now.

A. began; learned B. begin; have learned C. have begun; had learned D. began;

have learned

( )40. --- What a nice bike! How long _______ you _______ it? --- Just two weeks.

A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; having

( )41. You don’t have to describe her. I _______ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

( )42. --- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.--- Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few

minutes.

A. have come B. had been C. was D. have been

( )43. --- _______ my dictionary anywhere?--- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.

A. Have you seen B. Do you see C. Had you seen D. Would you see

( )44. --- I haven’t heard from Li Jun for a long time.--- What do you think _______ to him?

A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

( )45. --- Do you know our town at all?--- No, this is the first time I _______ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

( )46. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _______ office soon.

A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left

( )47. --- How long _______ your father _______ the Party? --- For more than twenty years.

A. has; joined B. did; join C. has; been in D. does; join

( )48. Mrs Smith _______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _______

home.

A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; would come D. had left; came

( )49. Do you know Betty very well? Yes, she and I _____ friends since we met in Guangzhou

last summer.

A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned

( )50. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he ____ the Disney World the

next day.

A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit

Key:

1-5 DCABC 6-10 DBCBC 11-15 ADBBC 16-20 BDCBC

21-25 BDCAB 26-30 BCDCA 31-35 CDBCA 36-40 BABDC

41-45 BDACB 46-50 BCDCA

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