01

定語從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。連接主句和從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞 / 關(guān)系副詞)+ 從句剩余部分。

02

定語從句的關(guān)鍵詞

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等;關(guān)系副詞包括 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

03

關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.關(guān)系代詞的作用

(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主從句

(2)代替先行詞

(3)在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的成分

2.關(guān)系代詞的選擇

定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的選擇由先行詞和關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞譀Q定。

The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.

(代替 the girl，作從句的主語，不可省略)

The girl (who/whom/that) I helped yesterday is a nurse.

(代替 the girl，作從句的賓語，可省略)

I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.

(whose 作 hair 的定語，不可省略)

3.必須用 that 的情況

(1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用 that。

例如：

Helen is always the first student that arrives at school.

(2)被修飾的先行詞為 all, any, much, many, everything, anything 等不定代詞時，只能用 that。

(3)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, little 等詞修飾時，只能用 that。

例如：

This is the only thing that was left to son.

(4)先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用 that.

例如：

The man and the dog that I met yesterday were hit by a car.

(5)以 who 或 which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用 that。

例如：

Who is the boy that is standing under tree?

注意：

(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞且放在句末 who, that, which 可省略;但介詞在關(guān)系詞前時，只能用“介詞 +which/whom 結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如：

This is the factory in which my father works.

He is the man from whom I borrowed bike.

(2)在含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，此介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。

例如：

This is the book which you are looking for.

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放在它前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。

例如：

The house in that she lives is very big. (錯誤)

The house that she lives in is very big. (正確)

04

關(guān)系副詞的用法

在定語從句中，關(guān)系副詞常作狀語。

(1)when 指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。

例如：

Do you know the time when he goes home?

(2)where 指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

例如：

This is the place where they will travel.

(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，在句中作原因狀語。

例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he didn't come to school this morning.

05

定語從句中的主謂一致

在定語從句中，從句謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與先行詞保持一致。若先行詞是可名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù);若先行詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語動詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：

Eric is a student who likes to play basketball in our class.

There are many students who like to play basketball in our class.

06

真題演練

1. Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _____developed mostof his thoughts in Xiuwen.

A. which

B. what

C. who

2.Mr. Brown is a teacher_____is strict with all his students.

A. which

B. who

C. where

3.The book_____I read last night was fantastic.

A. that

B. what

C. whose

D. who

4. China is getting better at making hi-tech products_____canbe bought in all parts of the world.

A. who

B. which

C. what

參考答案：

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.B

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