加強(qiáng)否定句

　　句型32［主語(yǔ)+強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語(yǔ)+否定詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他］

　　1.    Hurling insults and threats is certainly not fighting.  2. It simply will not do!

　　3.  We must not become complacent over any success.

　　4.  We absolutely must not relax our will.  5. The nature of wolves will never change.

　　6.  Without the Communist Party I should assuredly not be what I am today.

　　句型33［主語(yǔ)+be+ the last+名詞+不定式…/從句］

　　1.    For it was Oliver, his cruel brother-the last person Orlando would have expected to find there.

　　2.    He is the last person to do such a thing.  3. This is the last place where I expected to have met you.

　　4.  Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit.

　　句型34［主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)肯定式+含否定詞語(yǔ)的成語(yǔ)+其他］［主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)否定式+含不定詞語(yǔ)的成語(yǔ)+其他］

　　1.    At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

　　2.    Young people should on no account (=should not on any account) neglect their daily physical exercise.

　　3.    We have ideals, but we are by no means visionaries.  4. He will in no wise give up study.

　　[注] 其他加強(qiáng)否定的方式：1. […be anything but…] (決不是) He is anything but a scholar.

　　2. [(There is) no+ V-ing] (決不可) There is no denying the fact. = It is absolutely impermissible to deny the fact. 因此語(yǔ)意比下句強(qiáng)，"It is impossible to deny the fact."

　　句型35［主語(yǔ)+否定式謂語(yǔ)+微量詞+名詞+其他］

　　1.    We must never for a moment divorce ourselves from the masses.

　　2.    The mother did not have a wink of sleep the whole night on account of the child's high fever.

　　3.    He did not breathe a single word about it.

　　4.    Though I have walked twenty miles, I am not a bit tired.

　　5.    The little boy is do full of energy that he refused to stay put for any length of time.

　　[注] 表示微量詞的詞組中以 in the least為最常見(jiàn)，不少的微量詞可用它代替。如：

　　I am not in the least tired.  I was not surprised in the least.  That boy was not in the least afraid of the snake.

　　句型36［...否定詞+名詞+大范圍詞語(yǔ)...］

　　1.    There will be no difficulty in the world which they cannot overcome.

　　2.    The doctor was writing a book, but it went on so slowly that it would not be finished within a thousand years.

　　3.    "Don't you dance?"-"I'm the world's worst dancer."

　　4.    He was not at all confused.  5. It is of no value at all.

　　6.  This is a historical trend no force on earth can hold back.

　　[附注1] 與漢語(yǔ)中的否定式相對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)不一定要用否定式。如："很不好"，不能譯成英語(yǔ)的"very not good", 應(yīng)換一種說(shuō)法， "This is very bad.", "It is not good at all." 漢語(yǔ)"這事我一點(diǎn)也不知道"可譯作 "I am quite in the dark about the matter."或 "About this I knew nothing." 漢語(yǔ)"我很不喜歡喝酒。"可譯作為 "I dislike wine very much."或 "I am not a bit interested in wine./I don't like wine at all./I am the last person to like wine.

　　其次要注意分析。漢語(yǔ)"一竅不通"，是縮小否定數(shù)量的說(shuō)法，最好譯成 "be utterly ignorant"或 "not know the ABC of…/know nothing of… 又如"世界上一切事物無(wú)不具有兩重性"，這里有幾個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞語(yǔ)："世界上"，"一切事物"，"無(wú)不"。"一切事物"不能用all/all things, 因此只能用縮小量的說(shuō)法。 "There is not a single thing in the world without a dual nature."

　　[附注2] 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改為否定句，但一定要依照前面所介紹的各種句型的要求。此外，還應(yīng)考慮以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1)    邏輯上說(shuō)不過(guò)去的不能改為否定句。Where is Mary? 不能改為 where isn't Mary?

　　2)    句型要求不能用否定式的。How hard-working he is! 不能改為 how hard-working he isn't!

　　3)    除句型28中列舉的一些強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語(yǔ)有分工外，以下詞語(yǔ)只用于肯定句，否定句應(yīng)采用括號(hào)中相對(duì)應(yīng)的異根同義詞。Some (not…any); too (not…either); so (neither, no more); a long way (not…far); a lot of/plenty of/a great deal of/a good deal of… (not…much of); as…as (not so…as); already still (not yet/ not any more/no more/ no longer…)

　　1.    I have got some. → I haven't got any.  2. I see a great deal of him. → I didn't see much of him.

　　3.   We went a long way.  → We didn't go far.  4. I will do so still. → I'll not do so any more.

　　4)  注意may, must, need, can (could) 在肯定句與否定句中的含義變化，對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系也會(huì)出現(xiàn)交錯(cuò)現(xiàn)象。

　　A. 表示許可用may (口語(yǔ)中常用can); 表示禁止通常用must not, 有時(shí)也用may not 語(yǔ)氣較委婉。

　　"May (Can) I smoke here?" - "Yes, you may (can)." 或"No, you must not." 或 "You may not smoke here."

　　B. 表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)或必要時(shí)用must, 否定式只能用need not

　　"Must we hand in our homework today?" - "Yes, you must. No, you needn't."

　　C. 表示推測(cè)指"可能"時(shí)，用must; 指"不可能"，"不一定"時(shí)用cannot/could not, 有時(shí)也用may not, 口氣較委婉，意為"也許不"。  That must be a mistake.  No, it cannot be a mistake.   It must not be a mistake

　　D. 表示推測(cè)也常用may，指"可能"；否定式同上。  He may be right/ He cannot be right. He may not be right.
 

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