中考生必讀：英語閱讀技巧精講

　　第一：從邏輯學角度看待英語文章的結構

　　任何一種語言本身都存在著一種內在的邏輯聯系，故而了解英語的文字結構至關重要。從邏輯學角度看，文章存在兩種邏輯結構。

　　其一，有的文章從開篇就出現具體的事例，具體的任務或是非常具體的數據，實驗等，其作用即在于引入主題，并加以論述證明自己的觀點的可取性與合理性。這種邏輯結構即為歸納思維，類似于數學里的歸納法。即使是應對一個具體的段落而言，段落的結構有一部分也符合這種模式，亦即在一段開始也是列舉具體的事例，數據，實驗過程講解等，這時候可以直接跳到段落結尾處去找重點，因為此段落也符合歸納的邏輯思維。用中文的解釋即為：總、分、總的文章結構。

　　Eg1：Imagine you're at a party full of strangers。 You're nervous。 Who are these people？ How do you start a conversation？ Luckily， you've got a thing that sends out energy at small chips（芯片） in everyone's name tag（標簽）。The chips send back name， job， hobbies-whatever。 Making new friends becomes simple。

　　This hasn't quite happened in real life。 But the world is already experiencing a new age of using RFID technology。

　　學生面對這兩段文字將如何快速找出主旨？看文章第一個詞Imagine（想象）就應斷定是列舉實例的開篇方式，主旨不在于實例本身而應是實例后的總結，即第二段文字是重點，通過實例總結出來的一個結論或是一個要討論的主題。還有第二段文字以否定句開頭，以轉折句銜接，故而二句都是重點。因為閱讀過程中要格外注意三種句型：否定句、疑問句、轉折句。那么這篇文章的主旨應為：。 predict the uses of RFID technology 預測RFID （刷卡技術）的使用。從字面意思看：此種場景在現實生活中還沒有真實發生，但世界即將經歷一個新時代的到來。

　　Eg2： At the University of California， my students and I studied more than 2，000 years of self-change methods and also reviewed the scientific research works on that。 Among all the methods， three should be specially mentioned： they're useful， simple and easy to learn。 What's more， people who have made successful changes in their lives often depended on one or more of these methods。

　　To get yourself started in a new direction， try the Three M's：

　　學生如何確定這兩段文字的重點內容？看第一句同樣是講述作者自己的親身經歷與研究領域，沒有多大意義；第二句看主句內容 three should be specially mentioned：要特別提到三種方法，后一句講的是三種方法怎么重要，沒有多大意思。如果出題人給出此文的寫作目的是什么？那么用歸納的思維來判斷第二段小文字為重點，應為這是承上啟下段落。To get yourself started in a new direction， try the Three M's：（想讓自己重新來過請試試三個M方法）那么用出題人自己的語言概況應為：To encourage people to change their bad habits。

　　其二：也是大多數文章的結構，即與歸納思維反向的演繹思維，也是西方邏輯學上突破性的思維方式，直接推動西方科學知識的進步與突破。即開篇即提出作者自家的觀點，而且大多數都是猜測出來的口吻，運用的助動詞多為情態動詞can、may、 could、 might；或是其他表示推測的詞性如：possible， probable， likely等及其變形。那么此時這篇文章的中心就在文章的開頭處，必須精讀此處，切莫略過！

　　Eg1： Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater increase in their waistlines over time， a study suggests。

　　Eg2： Some people think that they have an answer to the problems of automobiles crowding and pollution in large cities。 Their answer is the bicycle， or bike。

　　Eg3：In modern society there is a lot of disagreement about competition。 Some value it highly， believing that it is good for social progress。 Others say that competition is bad。 It sets one person against another。 And it leads to unfriendly relationship between people。

　　此三段文字都為觀點類句式，如think，disagreement等。

　　第二：要了解中學階段閱讀的具體題型。針對考試當中經常出現的題型現歸類如下：

　　A：缺少句子成分題型。如缺少主語，賓語，狀語成分，這是考試中最長出現的類型題。

　　Eg1：When we wear a pair of 3D glasses， _____。此題提供的內容是時間狀語從句，要補充主句的內容，那么學生必須在原文中鎖定題干中句子在原文何處出現，定位住原文后要精讀此句，找出與原文意思相同的句子，切莫一味找尋與原文一樣的答案，因為很少有和原文完全相同的答案，如果真的出現與原文相同的句子，那就是最簡單的題型。定位原文Three-dimensional technology uses two film projectors（投影機）。 One projects a left eye image and the other projects a right eye image。 3D glasses allow us to see a different image in each eye。

　　那么答案大致為：our brain will get a different image from each eye

　　Eg2：Why do some people welcome competition according to the passage？題干為因果關系題，亦即原因狀語的題型，還是一樣要從原文找內容，而不是從頭腦中找答案，不要記憶原文內容，要定位原文，精讀原文，與四個答案相對應，確定標準選項。定位原文：In modern society there is a lot of disagreement about competition。 Some value it highly， believing that it is good for social progress。 Others say that competition is bad。 It sets one person against another。 And it leads to unfriendly relationship between people。此段文字第一句即為主旨，開篇提出要討論的主題，即現在社會中人們對競爭的看法。緊接著就是列舉一些人的不同觀點，證明分歧在哪里。故而出現some，others的句式結構，這是明顯的列舉方式。針對此題定位原文應為橫線句：一些人高度重視，認為它有助于社會進步。那么答案為 It pushes society forward。含義相同句式不同，這是正確答案的設置方式，因為要體現出出題人的應為駕馭能力，要體現出解釋的作用，理解的特點：即用不同的詞或短語解釋文中出現的復雜句式，paraphrase the sentence。

　　Eg3：Not all memories are sweet.Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences wars and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional（精神上的）hurts。 Often they appear again in dreams。

　　1.    Now American researchers think they are close to developing a drug，which will help people forget bad memories.The drug is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience They hope it might reduce or possibly erase（清除）the effect of painful memories。

　　2.In November， experts tested a drug on people in the US and France.The drug stops the body producing chemicals that fix memories in the brain。 So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced，not that the memories are erased。

　　The research has caused a great deal of argument.Some think it is a bad idea，while others support it。

　　Supporters say it could lead to drugs that prevent or treat soldiers'troubling memories after war They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories·

　　"Some memories can ruin（毀壞）people's lives.They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a dream.They usually come with very painful emotions，" said Roger Pitman， a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School。"This could reduce a lot of that suffering"

　　 歡迎使用手機、平板等移動設備訪問中考網，2025中考一路陪伴同行！>>點擊查看